Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases causes serious threats to human worldwide. Although surveillance and clinical care systems in Taiwan is well established, the potential of the basic research and biotechnological capabilities were not fully realized due to the lack of a central infectious disease research center. National Cheng Kung University has a long and outstanding track record in infectious disease studies starting since 1996 with the contribution of the dengue research team on the mechanism of dengue immune pathogenesis. A pioneering group of researchers has been working on enterovirus A71 and providing clinical care since 1998. Several investigators study microbiota and bacteria inducing human diseases. In addition, the Signaling Research team has focused on biomarker development and the molecular mechanisms involved in hepatitis B virus- and hepatitis C virus-associated cancers. In an effort to incorporate all of these outstanding research teams, The Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research (CIDSR) was established in 2011 by Dr. Huan-Yao Lei. The goal of CIDSR is to integrate the field of dengue virus, enterovirus A71, carcinogenic viruses, bacteria, microbiota and signal-transduction research in order to focus on infectious diseases related research and developing novel therapeutic measures.